Caibidil a Cúig: Präpositionen
(Reamhfhocail)
um = about/around
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um is mostly still in use in Munster, but also in the standard. In northern dialects, in part, other prepositions are taken in its place.
Through the development from um > má > fá and the equation with faoi, one will mostly use faoi (Ulster fá) in the sense of "about" (labhairt fúm = speaking about me )
Case
um requires the dative or accusative
Initial Mutations
-
without an article: lenition (only c, d, f, g, s, t, not b, m, p) e.g. um banríon = about a queen
-
with the article: eclipsis e.g.: um an mbaile = around a town
- only in Munster, d,t also eclipses
- in Connacht, the t-prefix precedes femin. nouns with s-: um an tsúil = around the eye
- in Ulster, always lenition: um an fhear = about the man
(whereby um is mostly used in Munster)
Interrogative:
- cé / cad uime + indirect relative clause.? = about what, about whom?
Combined with the personal pronoun:
| - |
general |
contrast form |
translation |
| I |
umam |
umamsa |
about me |
| you |
umat |
umatsa |
about you |
| he |
uime |
uimesean |
about him, because |
| she |
uimpi |
uimpise |
about her |
| we |
umainn |
umainne |
about us |
| you(pl) |
umaibh |
umaibhse |
about you |
| they |
umpu |
umpusan |
about them |
Use:
- around: dìaigh siad um an rí = they gathered together around the king
- be around one another, accompany: a bhéirt mhac uime=
his two sons, who accompany him (who are around him)
- along: um Shionainn = along the Shannon
- temporal around, on : um Nollaig = on Christmas, um thránona = in the afternoon, um an am sin = around this time
- cuir um = put on, get dressed("to wrap oneself in"): Chuir sí an cóta uimpi = She put her coat on
- against: um an gcoirthe = against the stone
- is uime = because of , because ; fáth um + indir.
relative clause= the cause why (mostly though without um)
Cén fáth (um) a bhfuil tú anseo? = Why are you here?
- fight over, ag fonóid um = laugh about,
grá um = love for
- for, over, etc. in official titles for civil offices, laws .: An tÚdarás um Ard-Oideachas = Higher Education Authority (HEA), An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch = Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII), An tAcht um Chosaint Sonraí = Data Protection Law
(Dinneen classifies this use as wrong in his dictionary, but it is common and "official")
- not to be used in the meaning in order to with the verbal noun, instead use le, chun
suas
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